WGH History
It's possible that
the earliest descendant of WGH Radio was WSEA. The station was licensed by
the Federal Radio Commission in January 1927 to the Virginia Beach
Broadcasting Company and transmitted on the frequency of 1370 kilocycles
with a power of 500 watts. In April 1927 WSEA began broadcasting from the
brand new Cavalier Hotel in Virginia Beach and was dark by 1928. WSEA,
however, had one shining moment on June 10, 1927 when Norfolk Mayor S. Heth
Tyler became the first American to extend coast to coast radio
congratulations to aviator Charles Lindbergh after his successful solo
flight from New York to Paris. Lindbergh heard the message on WSEA as he
was passing over the Cape Henry Lighthouse.
The story linking
WSEA to WGH has the WSEA allocation being picked up by Tom Little, who moved
it to Newport News. New owner Hampton Roads Broadcasting Company changed
the call letters to WNEW (signifying "Newport News"). The frequency was
changed as well, to 1430, and government authorization came through on
October 8, 1928.
The WNEW calls
lasted only a few weeks, when they were changed to WGH ("World's Greatest
Harbor"). The WGH call letters were originally assigned to
the first radio station in Alabama, put on the air by The Montgomery Light &
Water Power Company in 1922. It was also among the first 100 radio stations
on the air in the United States. By 1928, however, the station was gone and
the available WGH call letters were reassigned to Hampton Roads Broadcasting by the
Federal Radio Commission on
November 19 of that year. The station began identifying itself as "WGH" the next
day. The abandoned WNEW
call letters were later picked up by a Newark, New Jersey radio station on
1130 kilocycles. WNEW became famous as the medium's first successful "Music
and News" formatted station and home of Martin Block's "Make Believe
Ballroom" and Stan Shaw's "Milkman's Matinee."
One of WGH's first
employees was Malvern Powell. Mal doubled as salesman and announcer in the
early days and held nearly every position at the station until his
retirement as an account executive in 1969. Mal continued working in sales
part time into the early 1970's.
On November 11,
1928, the frequency of the station was changed to 1310 kilocycles, with a
power of 100 watts. A few weeks later, on December 20, studios were opened on the
fourth floor of the Hotel Warwick on West Avenue in Downtown Newport News.
The transmitter and antenna were located on the top of the seven floor
structure, which was the tallest building in the city.
In early 1930, Hampton
Roads Broadcasting Corporation was purchased by the Newport News Daily Press
and Times Herald newspapers. E. Elsworth Bishop was named Managing
Director for the station.
A studio fire in the
Fall of 1931 necessitated a temporary move and broadcasts originated from
the home of WGH employee Hunter Copeland. This continued until late
September 1931 when studios were completed in the Metropolitan Building on
Washington Avenue. In 1932, auxiliary studios were opened in Norfolk's
Flatiron Building.
A construction permit
was filed with the FCC in 1934 to raise the station's daytime power to 250
watts.
In the mid-1930s, the
Norfolk studios were moved to the Banker's Trust Building and moved in 1938
to the Portlock Building. 1938 also saw the opening
of a studio in Portsmouth, in the American National Bank Building.
In 1938, WGH became a
CBS optional affiliate and cleared a limited schedule of CBS Radio Network
programs.
In
the late 1930's, a number of newspapers around the country experimented with
radio delivery of newspapers. It was done by a facsimile (fax) machine that
was placed in a subscriber's home. The newspaper would transmit to the
facsimile machine via a local radio station. Since most stations at the
time stopped their programming at midnight, the transmission would take
place between midnight and 5am. When the facsimile owner awakened in the
morning, their newspaper would be waiting in a pile of paper on the floor.
One of the few newspapers involved in this experiment was Hampton Roads
Broadcasting's parent company, The Daily Press, which delivered the faxes
over WGH. The transmissions continued for a short time and were stopped in
1941 when the U.S. entered World War II.
By the late 1930's, a new transmitter building and free-standing tower were constructed
in Newport News at the starting point of Jefferson Avenue alongside the Small Boat Harbor.
In 1939, the station's fulltime power was authorized by the FCC to be 250
watts.
Early radio programming was heavily influenced by musical acts. Disc
jockeys were nearly non-existent, even though the disc jockey's roots were
formed early on when experimenters would play Victrola recordings during
their broadcasts. Records on the radio, however, would be frowned upon
until the late 1940's. Live musicians dominated the WGH schedules on
both local and network broadcasts.
In
1940, network negotiations with the dominant music licensing agency, ASCAP
(American Society of Composers Authors and Publishers), broke down and
broadcasters formed their own music licensing agency, BMI (Broadcast Music
Incorporated). As BMI signed a group of second-tier songwriters, ASCAP
composers pulled their compositions from the airwaves, leaving only public
domain and BMI selections available for play. Listeners' patience wore thin
after hearing "Jeannie With the Light Brown Hair" and "Little Brown Jug"
over and over. By mid year, the networks and ASCAP reached an agreement.
1940
also saw the relocation of the WGH main studios to the Portlock
Building in Norfolk. Some broadcasts, however, continued to originate
from the Hotel Warwick in Newport News. Another major event in 1940
was a "Mutual" agreement to begin fulltime affiliation with the Mutual Broadcasting
System.
In March 1941 the
dial position of WGH
became 1340 kilocycles following a massive Western Hemisphere frequency shift,
the
result of treaty agreements among the United States, Canada, Mexico and parts of
the Carribean. Lower band stations were unchanged, but mid to upper
frequency stations shifted their dial positions by as much as 30 kilocycles.
In
1942, the American Federation of Musicians, under
the leadership of James Petrillo, became upset about the increasing number of
recordings heard on radio stations around the country. Petrillo argued that whenever a record was
played on the radio, or even in a jukebox, AFM union members received nothing
in return. He commented that if the trend toward recorded music continued, musicians "would be
playing at their own funerals." Petrillo told the major record companies
that unless AFM members received a higher royalty payment to compensate for
their losses, the union would not produce any more records after July 31,
1942. The companies initially refused to pay the increased royalty, and
stockpiled performances and concerts. The strike lasted two years and ended
when the record studios agreed to make payments to a Music Performance Trust Fund
to support live public performances employing musicians. Nevertheless,
up through the 1940s, most radio stations, including WGH, had their own house musicians on the
payroll.
The
big radio stations in each market were affiliated with one of the major
networks, the National Broadcasting Company (with its Red and Blue
networks), the Columbia Broadcasting System, or the Mutual Broadcasting
System. Stations without network affiliations ("independents")
were deemed "inferior" and "second-rate."
In 1942, WGH dropped Mutual and joined the NBC-Blue Network, which became
ABC in 1945.
In
1946, the Hotel Warwick studios were closed and all programming was
originated from the Portlock Building in Norfolk.
In
1947, the FCC authorized a frequency change to 1310 kilocycles and an
increase in power to 5,000 watts, with a directional antenna array.
The WGH
Program and Promotion Director in the early 1950's was Bob McBride.
The General Manager was still E. Elsworth Bishop; the station's Sales
Manager was Eddie Edgar; the on-air music critic was Warner Twyford; and one
of the disc jockeys on the staff was Ambert Dail (later to become General
Manager).
In
1953 studios were moved to 739 Boush Street in Norfolk and moved again in
1958 to 711 Boush Street, across from the WTAR Radio-TV complex.
Listeners to WGH on a typical day in 1955 heard such programs as "Don
McNeill's Breakfast Club", "My True Story", "Modern Romances", "Whispering
Streets", "When a Girl Marries", news from Paul Harvey, "1310 Clubtime"
(an
afternoon music and news program) and miscellaneous music and news
programming through the evening hours. By the mid 1950's, however, big time network radio
was ending its run. Many industry leaders felt that the electronic eye
of television had placed the "whammy" on radio and that the medium's days
were numbered. A number of smart radio operators, however, followed the lead of WNEW and began
airing "Music and News" formats. The era of the disc jockey as an
entertainment guru was about to commence. By 1957, WGH was airing
mostly local disc jockey shows, with the records spun by performers such as
Ambert Dail, Lee Alan, Herb Anderson, Roger Clark and Bob Calvert.
Other than hourly news, "Don McNeill's Breakfast Club" was about the only
ABC network program left on the schedule.
On
July 31, 1958, WGH was authorized by the FCC to broadcast with a
non-directional daytime pattern (from the Newport News Small Boat Harbor)
and a directional nighttime pattern (from the Military Road transmitter site
in Hampton). By now, programming was originating from studios
constructed at the Hampton transmitter site.
The
affiliation with the ABC Radio Network was dropped in late 1958, and in early
1959 Dan Hydrick was named General Manager succeeding Edward Elsworth
Bishop, who had managed the station since 1930. A new era was ushered
in with a switch to "Top-40" programming under the "Color Radio" banner.
Performers included Jim Stanley, Jack Fisher, Lou Nelson, Dick Lamb, Jack
Krueger and Frank Drake. Also heard in the late 1950s were Bob
Calvert, Dean Collins, Don Owens, Roger Clark, Bob Calvert's alter ego
(and the inspiration for Wolfman Jack) Baron Bebop, Throckmorton P. Quiff,
and Gene Creasy. Early newscasters
included Dick Kidney, Pete Glazer, Bud Buhler and Art Merrill.
In
1960, Ambert Dail was named General Manager, having served as Program
Director since 1953. Additional studios and offices were added at the Military Road
transmitter facility in the early 1960s. By now, the station was
broadcasting at 5,000 watts from a non-directional daytime tower at the
Newport News Small Boat Harbor, switching to the three-tower directional
site in Hampton during the evening hours.
1960s
on-air performers included George Crawford, Dave Cummins, Bob Calvert, Gene
Loving, Keith James, Dick Lamb, Roger Clark, Glenn "The Turtle" Lewis, Russ Spooner,
Chuck Adams, Don Robertson, Bob Chesson (Production), Jim Lawrence, John Garry, Larry O'Brien, Tom Scott and J.J.
Bowman.
In
1965, Raymond B. Bottom, Jr. was named Vice President of Hampton Roads
Broadcasting Corporation.
In
late 1968, the nighttime directional antenna site was relocated to Main
Street/Todds Lane and
Willow Drive in Hampton, near the Newport News-Hampton line. In the
early 1970s, the
Mercury Boulevard towers were dropped to make way for the construction of
Todd Center and new WGH studios and offices.
At about the same time, new showcase studios and offices were constructed in Military
Circle Mall in Norfolk and the 711 Boush Street facility was closed.
For
many years, the WGH News Department was honored by the Associated Press as
the Best News Operation in Virginia. For most of the 1960s and well
into the 1970s, Jim Moore was News and Public Affairs Director. The
award-winning news staff included such names as Dick Kidney, Eric Aucoin,
Ira Hull, Carlton Shrieves, Pete Glazer, Wayne Combs, Gene Galusha, Allan Pressley, Joe
Lowenthal, J. Michael Rasnick, and Brad Face. George Passage, Editorial Director of The
Daily Press, presented his nightly commentary on the air from 1960 into the
early 1970s. The Edward Travis Report was a daily offering on the
schedule at 12:25 PM through the 1960s.
The
WGH Sales Department over the years included professionals such as Bill
Walker, Al Nelowet, Margie Nelowet, Kay Foulkes, Howard Jernigan, Jack Whitehead, Betty
Whitley, Bobby Fox, Roger Clark, and Lew Matthews. Earlier, we
mentioned Malvern "Mal" Powell, who earned the distinction of becoming the
first WGH employee to retire, after almost 41 years of service.
WGH-FM
was one of America's top classical music outlets until the stations' sale by
Hampton Roads Broadcasting corporation in the 1980s. The late Vianne
Webb was Program Director and joined the station in 1963 as Librarian and host
of a morning classical music program. Chuck Adams was the Operations
Manager and Public Service Director as well as a popular on air host.
His was also the last voice heard on the air before new owners CommCor
unceremoniously pulled the plug on WGH-FM so
quickly that they interrupted Johann Pachelbel's "Canon in D
Major" mid-track. Other
WGH-FM hosts included Tom Morgan, Art Jones, Dwight
Davis, Rollie Bristol, and Raymond Jones.
The
1970s talent lineup on WGH-AM included such names as George Crawford, J.J. Bowman, Rob
Wayne, Sean Grabowski, Lee Fowler, Scott Christensen, Ron James, Tom Scott, Dale Parsons,
Jim Stewart, Jim Conlee, Jeff Davis, Mike Patrick, Neal Steele, Bill Tucker, Nick O'Neil, Dan O'Brien,
Pat Holliday, Bob Canada, Pat O'Day, Ed Rodriquez, Bill Jordan, Jon St. Jon,
Pat Banks and Phil Beckman.
In 1983, the stations were sold
to an Ohio company, CommCor, whose management changed the
call letters of both WGH AM and FM to WNSY and instituted a
soft rock format. In 1985 the station was sold to
Susquehanna Broadcasting and the WGH call letters were
restored to both stations. During the late 1980s
WGH-AM aired a simulcast of the WGH-FM Top 40 format.
In 1990, WGH-AM broadcast CNN Radio News during the Gulf
War, with a switch to country in 1991 and then to all sports
in 1992, becoming Virginia's first all sports radio station.
WGH was sold in the
mid-1990s to Barnstable Broadcasting, which also picked up
other stations in the area. One of the stations they
purchased, WCMS, was later sold to Davidson Media.
Barnstable didn't want to lose the WCMS call letters, so
they assigned them to 1310 AM, which became known as ESPN
Radio 1310 WCMS. The WGH call letters remained with
97.3 The Eagle.
In 2005, Max Media purchased
the stations owned by Barnstable Broadcasting and the call
letters WGH were restored to 1310.
Information for this history came from a number of resources, including
research my wife Ginny and I conducted for the radio special "WNBC-The First
66 Years". The New York Public Library, Library of Congress and the
NBC Archives were invaluable in our research. We were also blessed to
have the cooperation and assistance of Bob Hope, Johnny Carson and Fred
DeCordova. Individuals such as Peter Kanze and Gene Garnes offered
their collections, as well.
A
great deal of WGH information came from Internet, FCC research, and my
collection of Pulse Ratings books, Bunny McBride (daughter of Bob McBride), as well
as an excellent aural history of the station prepared and voiced by Chuck Adams for
the WGH reunion.